LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYjLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEocmVzdGFydEYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJw== LUkld2l0aEc2IjYjSSZwbG90c0dGJA== The Ratio Test (Theorem 9.17) says that for a series 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 with nonzero terms, the series converges absolutely if 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 < 1. If the limit is > 1 or = LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEoJmluZmluO0YnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRic=, the series diverges. If the limit is 1, the test is inconclusive. With Maple's assistance (use the limit command), apply the Ratio Test to the following series. Then plot the first 25 terms of each series to convince yourself that your conclusion is correct. Note that the Ratio Test in one of these is inconclusive. Indicate this in your conclusion and then explain how convergence or divergence could be shown in this case. 1. 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. 2. 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. 3. 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. Exercise 1: 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 LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2I1EhRictRiM2Iy1JJm1mcmFjR0YkNigtRiM2Iy1GLDYlUSR0b3BGJy8lJ2l0YWxpY0dRJXRydWVGJy8lLG1hdGh2YXJpYW50R1EnaXRhbGljRictRiM2Iy1GLDYlUSdib3R0b21GJ0Y5RjwvJS5saW5ldGhpY2tuZXNzR1EiMUYnLyUrZGVub21hbGlnbkdRJ2NlbnRlckYnLyUpbnVtYWxpZ25HRkkvJSliZXZlbGxlZEdRJmZhbHNlRidGKw== 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 Conclusion for this series (exercise 1): PkkmZXhlcjFHNiI3Iy1JJHNlcUclKnByb3RlY3RlZEc2JDckSSJuR0YkLUkkc3VtR0YkNiQqJkkia0dGJCIiIyksJC1JIi9HNiRGKEkoX3N5c2xpYkdGJDYjJCIiKSIiISQiIiZGO0YwIiIiL0YwO0Y+RisvRis7Rj4iI0Q= LUkqcG9pbnRwbG90RzYiNiNJJmV4ZXIxR0Yk JSFH JSFH Exercise 2: JSFH JSFH JSFH Conclusion for this series (exercise 2): PkkmZXhlcjJHNiI3Iy1JJHNlcUclKnByb3RlY3RlZEc2JDckSSJuR0YkLUkkc3VtRzYkRihJKF9zeXNsaWJHRiQ2JComLCYqJEkia0dGJCIiIyIiIiRGNiIiIUY2RjYtSSpmYWN0b3JpYWxHRig2I0Y0ISIiL0Y0O0Y2RisvRis7RjYiI0Q= LUkqcG9pbnRwbG90RzYiNiNJJmV4ZXIyR0Yk JSFH Exercise 3: JSFH JSFH JSFH Conclusion for this series (exercise 3): PkkmZXhlcjNHNiI3Iy1JJHNlcUclKnByb3RlY3RlZEc2JDckSSJuR0YkLUkkc3VtRzYkRihJKF9zeXNsaWJHRiQ2JCooKSEiIkkia0dGJCIiIi1JJXNxcnRHRi42I0Y0RjUsJkY0RjUkRjUiIiFGNUYzL0Y0O0Y1RisvRis7RjUiI0Q= LUkqcG9pbnRwbG90RzYiNiNJJmV4ZXIzR0Yk JSFH