The Ancient Egyptian civilization was a well suited fertile land for the people of the culture.  Egypt was not an easily accessible country, which allowed for rapid advancements in their society.  The agricultural aspects of the area had a profound impact on the advancements of mathematics.  It was necessary to know when the rainy season would arrive so they would be able to monitor the crops.  As the study of the astronomy advanced it provided calendar information.  This calendar information also helped with the knowledge of the crop growth.  Taxes and armies needed to be supported so there was a need for complex computations.  These complex computations eventually led to the need for writing numerals.  As the hieroglyphic writing developed their culture expanded.  One example of this advancement is the Great Pyramid of Giza.  Despite all of these advancements the Egyptian number systems were not suited well enough for arithmetical calculations.  The practicality of the Egyptians allowed them to trade and deal in fractions, which made up for the lack of the arithmetical competence.  They were forced to devise operations such as multiplication and division into pure addition.  Their early numbers were found on vases and temples.  These vases and temples did not show early calculations that might have been done with the number systems.

    The ancient Egyptians based their calendar on the heliacal rising of Sirius.  This rising marked the beginning of a new year.  At this time, the rising occurred in July so their year began in July as opposed to January.  The Nile would flood shortly after this, so people used the heliacal rising of Sirius as a warning.  They proceeded to calculate 365 days in the year.  This eventually was changed to 365 ¼ days in a year and these days were divided into 12 months.  These two calendars, the civil and agricultural, ran parallel to each other.  The harvesting calendar was based on the lunar month.  Our modern day calendars are based on the early Egyptian calendar with modern day advancements.