I. Questions from lectures (88 percent). Answer each question as completely as possible. Percent value is noted in parentheses.

(6) How do the environmental concerns of the Dry West differ from those of the Agricultural Middle?

(9) Briefly describe each of the following environmental worldviews:

1. Development
2. Preservation
3. Conservation

(5) A nation with an annual population growth rate of 5% will, if this growth rate stays the same, double its population in how many years?

(6) How does the Second Law of Thermodynamics (Energy) relate to a food chain ? Why do people in the poorer countries (LDCs) eat mostly a vegetarian diet?

(6) Explain the differences in the roles of Congress and the Executive agencies in making and carrying out environmental policy in the U.S.

(4) Define the carrying capacity of an ecosystem for a particular species in a particular area.

(6) In a very general sense, what does it mean to "internalize externalities"? Specifically, use the example of an automobile to help explain this concept. I.e., what are the "externalities" for an automobile, and what does it mean for the manufacturer to "internalize" these? How could the purchaser "internalize"?

(6) Why is phosphorus no longer used in laundry detergents? (Hint: What's a limiting nutrient?)

(6) Explain the difference between primary and secondary succession. Which is more typical of an ecosystem restoration, for example a prairie restoration?

(6) Explain how age distribution affects population growth by sketching age structure diagrams for

1. fast-growing nation
2. slow-growing nation
3. a nation with negative population growth

(4) Climate is described mostly in terms of what two general factors?

(4) Describe the climate of each of the following: Tropical Rainforest, Conifer (Boreal) Forest, Tropical Savanna, Tundra

(5) Why is soil in a tropical rainforest not adequate for large-scale agriculture?

(5) Where on earth would you find large quantities of brackish water?

(5) Why is the open ocean (away from the shore) really a "desert" with respect to productivity (abundance of life)?

(5) Explain the differences between an r-strategist species and a K-strategist species. Give an example of each.

II. Questions from presentations (12 percent).

Liz Allee (Combined Sewer Outflows)

Liz Tate (Lead Poisoning)

Kristie Allen (Electrical Fields and Cancer)

Chrissy Long (Cigarette Smoke)