(4) Explain how MDCs contribute to the deforestation in tropical LDCs.

(4) Explain what is meant by "environmental simplification".

(3) What is a "debt-for-nature swap"?

(4) List two ways the urban areas are "good" for the environment and two ways they are "bad" for the environment.

(5) Explain the statement: "People tend to minimize the risk of voluntary activities and overemphasize the risk of things they don't understand."

(2) Explain the difference between acute and chronic toxicity.

(2) What does LD₅₀ mean?

(4) What are the two most common gases in the troposphere, and what is the approximate percent of each?

(4) Define pathogen, and give two examples.

(2) What is the source of most pathogens in natural water systems?

(4) Explain the process of eutrophication in natural water systems.

(4) Give an example each of both point source and non-point source pollution.

(2) Non-point source water pollution is also referred to as __________________.

(2) What is WHO?

(2) Which of the following atoms is involved in the depletion of stratospheric ozone?
a. H
b. F
c. C
d. Cl

(4) Give an example each of both a primary air pollutant and a secondary air pollutant.

(4)Explain the difference between "traditional" smog and photochemical smog.

(4) Explain what kind of air pollution problem occurred in Donora, PA in 1948.

(4) Explain why the kind of air pollution that leads to acid rain is best regulated at a federal rather than state government level.

(2) What are VOCs?

(4) Explain how levels of tropospheric CO₂ have correlated with average temperature over the past 160,000 years.

(3) Why does the correlation mentioned in the previous question lead many atmospheric scientists to think that global warming will occur?

(3) Why is the TIROS satellite data ignored by proponents of global warming?

(2) Specific predictions about the devasting future effects of global warming come mainly from what source?
a. computer modeling
b. air bubbles in Antarctic glaciers
c. direct measurements of tropospheric temperature
d. plant fossils

(4) What are CFCs, and how can they get into the atmosphere?

(4) What climate conditions contribute to the seasonal "hole" in ozone layer over the continent of Antarctica?

(2) Stratospheric ozone concentrations are lowest (the "ozone hole" is largest) over the Antarctic in which of the following months?
a. April
b. June
c. October
d. February

(2) Why do some (very few, actually) scientists believe that Mt. Erebus is related to the ozone "hole"?

(2) The solution to the possibility of global warming is
a. increased energy efficiency
b. switch to renewable, non-carbon-based, forms of energy
c. reduction of deforestation (includes population control worldwide)
d. all of the above

(2) What kind of UV rays are considered to be "harmless"? (They are kind used in tanning booths.)

(2) What is the most deadly form of skin cancer?

(2) According to the Institute of Chemical Waste Management, what percent of all garbage produced in the U.S. is toxic?

(1) Which of the following words means "causes birth defects" (literally in Greek "creating monsters"?)
a. carcinogenic
b. teratogenic
c. mutagenic

(1) What does it mean for a toxic waste to be "biodegradeable"?