Core 6 Final Exam Study Guide Thursday 4/30/2009 at 10 a.m. in the Shen
Format: 50 multiple-choice questions, 2 points each. We will use those lovely Scantron forms. Number Two pencils will be provided, but if
you bring your own it will save some time in getting started.
Instructions: Please sit with your discussion section and
leave one seat empty between you and your neighbor. Please turn off cell phones and text
messaging devices. When you’re done, please
turn in all papers to your professor.
_11. Crossing the
Threshold to being Human
The questions overlap from Fr. Stang’s lecture before
midterm break.
o What are the anatomical and embryonic evidences
that modern humans have common ancestry with other animals?
o Yolks sacs, gill slits, tails, wrist bones,
spine, etc.
o Brain size as a percentage of body weight for
humans and human primate ancestors
o Which modern species is most similar to
humans? Why?
o What is the relationship in shape of jaws and
type of teeth between humans and apes?
Lexicon: box-shaped, arc-shaped, fangs, S-shaped spine,
eight wrist bones, ball-and-socket, biped, quadruped, angle of spine into
skull, embryo, gill slits, knee joint, pelvis, “Lucy”, Australopithecus
_12. Emergence
from
o What are the archeological ages, and how are they
classified?
o What “human” attributes did Neandertals possess?
o What was the hunting style of Neandertals?
o What is the evidence that Neandertals may be a different
species than H. sapiens?
o What are the differences between “Out of Africa I” and “Out
of Africa II”?
Lexicon: Neolithic, Paleolithic, Neandertal, altruism,
Stone Ages, Out of Africa I, Out of Africa II, Multiregional hypothesis, tool
use, DNA studies
_13. Brain
Evolution and Cognitive Development
o What is the single most important way to develop thinking
in childhood?
o What type of thinking ability is a person capable of at
each of Piaget’s stages?
o What does the Principle of Proper Mass mean for the
evolution of complex behaviors?
o What is the relationship between brain evolution and
emergence of human language?
o What is the
difference between an individual’s attained level of development and that
person’s potential level of development that might be reached with guidance?
Lexicon: Principle of Proper Mass, cognitive development,
Piaget’s stages (know each one), accommodation, zone of proximal development
.
_14. Evolution
of Social Systems
o
How
does cooperation among members of a species evolve?
o
How
can kin selection lead to the evolution of altruism?
o
What
are the only modern species that have self-awareness
as exhibited by the “mirror test”?
o
What
kind of social structure is dominant in different primate societies?
Lexicon: altruism, sharing, kin selection, inclusive fitness, natural selection, monogamy, polygamy, self-awareness, “mirror test”, monkeys, chimps, bonobos
_15. Humans as a Selecting Force
Lexicon: carrying capacity, natural selection, threats to biodiversity, hot spots
_16. From Silent Spring to Silent Night
o
Testosterone
converts to estrogen when the herbicide Atrazine
turns on the enzyme Aromatase
(yikes!)
o
The
herbicide Atrazine correlates to what kind of environmental damage?
o
Scientific
research is likely to be reliable when it’s supported by both laboratory and
field studies
o
Why does
the manufacturer of Atrazine no longer fund Dr. Hayes’ research?
o
Atrazine
has been shown to cause defects in amphibians, but are there any human health issues that are
linked to it?
Lexicon: Nothing more specific than the in points above.
_17. Towards a Sustainable World
o
What is the observed relationship between increasing food supply and
population?
o
Trees can be sustainable (potentially renewable) resources under what
conditions?
o
Why does gasoline cost more in Western Europe than in the
o
Solutions to resource depletion: reduce use (conservation), wise
management, seek alternatives, …
Lexicon: carrying capacity, sustainability, resource
depletion, population growth
_18. Conservation Psychology
o
The questions are straightforward definitions or applications of some
of the terms below. In my opinion they
are common-sense concepts of human nature.
For the purposes of this exam you just need to remember the technical
term that applies to each concept.
Lexicon:
mismatch hypothesis, confirmation
bias, the bystander effect, avoidance, diffusion of responsibility, proximal
cognition, precautionary principle
_19. Managing Planet Earth
o
There is only one question from this lecture and is an application of
the Prisoner’s Dilemma as applied to to businesses.
Lexicon: Prisoner’s Dilemma, game theory, and
(this not a term, but a concept) --- incentives to make individual or corporate
goals agree with the common long-term good
_20. Case Studies of Resource Management
o
What is
groundwater “mining”?
o What are the factors that cause and exacerbate photochemical smog?
o Why can’t acid rain be dealt with by state regulation?
o What were the events leading to the passage of the 1972 Clean Water Act?
Lexicon: aquifer, recharge, resources: renewable, non-renewable, potentially renewable; acid rain, photochemical smog, prevailing winds, Cuyahoga River, auto exhaust, sunlight, temperature inversions